Human Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights - Research Paper Example Article 1 of the all inclusive human rights gives that all people are brought into the world free and equivalent while article 7 fugitives separation of people. Article 10 requires all individuals associated with wrongdoings to approach free and reasonable preliminary while Article 16 accommodates free agree to marriage and balance of the marriage accomplices. Likewise, Article 17 gives that all people reserve the privilege to claim financial property while Article 18 protects the privilege of people to choose their own religion. Then again, social relativism involves particular execution of the general rights relying upon the predominant social standards in the general public. This paper will characterize human rights and talk about the articles of Universal Declaration of human rights. The paper will likewise talk about the comprehensiveness versus social relativism points of view of human rights. Human rights Introduction Human rights alludes to those rights and opportunities that are innate to all the people paying little mind to the sex, nationality, ethnic starting point, language, religion or some other recognizable attribute of an individual (Darraj, 2010). Human rights are shielded by various national laws and global laws that incorporate arrangements and standard law. The global law requires the national governments to protect the human privileges of its residents from any conceivable infringement (Darraj, 2010). One of the basic standards of human rights is the comprehensiveness rule that affirms that human rights are inborn and unavoidable. As indicated by this rule, every single individual are brought into the world with certain human respect and rights that ought not be damaged, for example, the privilege to life and option to be liberated from constrained work (Darraj, 2010). The second standard of human rights is the interrelatedness and relationship rule that attests that every human right add to a higher prosperity of the person. For example, infringement of the privilege to social government assistance will likewise adversely on the privilege to life (Streich, 2008). The third overseeing rule of human rights is the non-segregation and fairness rule that necessitates that people ought to never endure any separation dependent on their physical characteristics or mental qualities, for example, contrasts in religion, ethnicity, religion, nationality or even sexual direction (Darraj, 2010). Another foundation rule of human rights is interest and incorporation of people in the choices that influence their government assistance. National governments must look for the contribution of the residents, common society and minorities before settling on choices that influence the government assistance of the residents (Streich, 2008). The last standard of human rights is the responsibility rule that expects states to assume liability and responsibility in protecting the privileges of the residents. Streich (2008) declares that nationa l governments must make and authorize enactment that guarantees every single human right are defended from misuse. The center human rights arrangements remember the settlement for financial, social and social rights, the bargain on the disposal of torment, the arrangement on the end of all types of oppression ladies, the settlement on insurance of the privileges of kid and settlement on privileges of vagrant specialists (Darraj, 2010).

Pacific Oil Essay -- Business Analysis

The Pacific Oil Company was shaped in 1902 and had been the pioneer in the assembling of an oil based good Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM). This item was Pacific Oil's significant product offering and was the fundamental part to the assembling of plastics, utilized in numerous items. In 1979, Pacific Oil had handled a significant agreement with dependent and had throughout the years set up an extraordinary working organization. The Reliant Corporation was one of Pacific’s biggest and most esteemed clients and Pacific Oil Company needed to renegotiate their present agreement with the Reliant Corporation, with the objective of stretching out before it terminated. Pacific’s arrangement group, Jean Fontaine, Marketing Vice President for Europe with Paul Gaudin, Marketing Manager of VCM alongside delegates Frederick Hauptmann, Senior Purchasing Manager and Egon Zinnser, Regional VP for European activity from The Reliant Corporation, where to go through almost multi year working through the augmentation of the agreement. At long last, the agreement settlement was down to a last thing that Pacific was troubled about, that may my then free the augmentation out and out. Confronting Hard Times Pacific Oil organization was confronting some monetary changes throughout the following 10 years and the interest for its VCM was going o face some wild rivalry. In the following 20 - 30 months other VCM makes will create the crude item to contend legitimately with Pacific Oil Company. The gracefully of the item throughout the following decade was relied upon to develop by more than 1000 MM pounds every year, about multiplying that as every year advanced. This represents a gigantic danger to Pacific oil as it arranges its agreements just five years our and is currently being compelled by Reliant to just expand their agreement by three years. Dependent was... ...ine and Gaudin was going to introduce. Dependent had gotten their work done on their requests, potential delicate quality of the market and was setting themselves up sufficiently to have the option to manage any changes. Pacific was not as readied at the exchange table as Reliant, and was in the end gotten into a tight spot on a solitary thing in the restored control, the alternative for Reliant to re-deal any VCM item they have left finished. The was a significant oversight on the last exhortation from Kelsey in making sure about a gigantic client and giving them time in further investigation the interest and effect that the new producers would cause. Reference Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., and Barry, B. (2010). Arrangement Readings, Exercises and Cases (sixth ed.). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill. Lewicki, R. J., Saunders, D. M., and Barry, B. (2011). Fundamentals of Negotiation (fifth ed.). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.

The Role of the Congress in U.S. Foreign Policy

The Role of the Congress in U.S. International strategy Similarly as with practically all U.S. government arrangement choices, the official branch, including the president, and Congress share obligation in what in a perfect world is a coordinated effort on international strategy issues. Congress controls the satchel strings, so it has critical impact over a wide range of government issues including international strategy. Most significant is the oversight pretended by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The House and Senate Committees The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has an exceptional task to carry out on the grounds that the Senate must favor all settlements and selections to scratch international strategy postings and settle on choices about enactment in the international strategy field. A model is the generally exceptional addressing of a chosen one to be secretary of state by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Individuals from that board of trustees have a lot of impact over how U.S. international strategy is led and who speaks to the United States the world over. The House Committee on Foreign Affairs has less position, however it despite everything assumes a significant job in passing the remote undertakings spending plan and in exploring how that cash is utilized. Senate and House individuals regularly travel abroad on reality discovering missions to places esteemed imperative to U.S. national interests. War Powers Unquestionably, the most significant position enabled to Congress by and large is to pronounce war and to raise and bolster the military. The authority is conceded in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11 of the U.S. Constitution. Be that as it may, this congressional force as allowed by the Constitution has consistently been a flashpoint of pressure between the Congress and the presidents protected job as president of the military. It went to a breaking point in 1973, in the wake of the agitation and disruptiveness brought about by the Vietnam War, when Congress passed the questionable War Powers Act over the veto of President Richard Nixon to address circumstances where sending U.S. troops abroad could bring about including them in equipped activity and how the president could complete militaryâ action while as yet keeping Congress on top of it. Since the entry of the War Powers Act, presidents have seen it as an illegal encroachment on their official forces, reports the Law Library of Congress, and it has stayed encircled by contention. Campaigning Congress, more than some other piece of the national government, is where unique interests look to have their issues tended to. What's more, this makes an enormous campaigning and strategy making industry, quite a bit of which is centered around remote undertakings. Americans worried about Cuba, horticultural imports, human rights, worldwide environmental change, migration, among numerous different issues, search out individuals from the House and Senate to impact enactment and spending choices.

Effects of the Stoop Effect on Response Time - Free Essay Example

Abstract In a research using the Stroop task to demonstrate Stroop interference, the present study analyzed the response time in different conditions and compared the incongruent condition to the facilitated condition. The purpose of the Stroop effect experiment is to ascertain our attentional capabilities in terms of variability and flexibility. Therefore, if various words were displayed in different color ink with the color on the words different, we definably will have difficult time telling the words apart from the color. There were 150 participants involved in this experiment. The participant was required to look at the colored words and the color on the ink while ignoring actual words. The results were that the reaction time was high and few errors were made in that congruent condition. At the end of the study, it is conclusive that when the process of reading is a simple automatic process, simple tasks like color identification becomes difficult for a person Introduction Stroop effect is one of the phenomena in cognitive science and psychology. Introduced in 1935, Stroop effect originated from theory of the automatic process. We are used to some of the processing activities until we have gotten used to them and have become automatic. for instance, driving a car, typing. These processes have formed part of our automatic response unit, where they are unavoidable, fast and does not require ant attention. Stroop had a belief that identification may be part of automatic process. He argues his belief by conducting an experiment where participants had to read sequence of words printed rapidly. It was noted that naming slowed down when colors and names conflicted. The Stroop effect suggests that extraction of words meanings happened as participants were not attempting to process it.332hbs the prefinal scoop effect was found. Effects of the Stoop Effect on Response Time The Stroop effect has been and still is one important topic in experimental Psychology. The Stoop task is still used today to study several other topics and to investigate the effects of many different things on the human and animal mind. The Stroop Effect is a test used to demonstrate the reaction time of a task. Because of its versatile nature, it can be used to determine the effect of various variables on response time†and therefore the processing time†, illustrating differences between automatic processing versus conscious visual control. In this paper, I aim to analyze the findings of our own Stroop task performed in our Research Methods in Psychology class at Florida Atlantic University, and tie that to previous experiments done in the past. I aim to explore similarities and differences between our experiment and theirs and to examine the variables involved in our experiment and what they mean to the overall results of the Stroop Effect. The Stroop effect is tested using two or more groups of words that match the other groups in frequency (Thorndike and Lorge 1944), number of letters, and number of syllables. I can be presented in many different ways, which allows for experimenters to use it in various different scenarios and dealing with several different matters. The independent variables can be the sex of the participants, or whether they are smokers or not†as seen in the research articleNicotine abstinence produces content-specific Stroop interference by Todd M. Gross, Murray E. Jarvik, and Marvin R. Rosenblatt†, level of tiredness, age, and many others. For that reason, in order to avoid confounding variables, the experimenter must be very careful to keep all the other variables constant. The dependent variable is the response time†the time it takes the participants to finish the task. METHOD Participants One hundred and fifteen participants (98 female, 17 male) whose average age was 21.9 years (range = 16-53) completed the experimental task. The participants were recruited from an undergraduate level research methods course. The participants got course credit for their participation in the study. I was a participant in this study. Participants were treated in accordance with the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 1992) Materials Reaction times were measured using a timer on the projector, and all participants participated at the same time. We used a printout to present stimuli consisting either of Arabic numerals (1,2,3) or crosses (+). Both sets of either numerals or crosses could be made to appear in groups of one, two, or three identical figures. The naming condition caused no interference, as the participants only had to read the number out loud (2 = saytwo out loud). The counting condition also produced no interference, as the participants only had to count the number of crosses out loud (+++ = saythree out loud). The incongruent counting condition, on the other hand, caused interference because the participant had to count how many numbers were shown, while reading a different number (2222 = sayfour out loud). And the congruent counting condition caused facilitation as the number of numbers counted was the same as the name of the number (4444 = sayfour out loud). Each list had 32 numbers presented in a column (one per page), printed on 4 different sheets of 8.5 x 11 paper (12 pt font, centered on each page). Numbers were randomized on each list and were the same across all participants. Procedure The experiment was performed in an in-class setting. The instructions were given by the professor. All participants were supposed to count out loud the number of symbols (Arabic numbers or crosses) as fast as possible and record the time taken to finish each task (each list of numbers). Participants were paired in groups of two, and while one person read the numbers, the other recorded the time. There were 4 different conditions: a naming condition (no interference), a counting condition (no interference), an incongruent counting condition (interference), and a congruent counting condition (facilitation). All the participants participated in all four conditions, and in the same order. The task was to r ead the number, count the quantity, ignore the number identity for counting conditions, and count the number of digits. The independent variable was the level of congruence in number/symbol lists (IV had 4 levels (incongruent, congruent, reading, counting) and the dependent variable wa s the reaction time (in seconds) for each list. all participants were also experimenters and are authors. RESULTS The incongruent counting list took participants the longest to complete. The reading list took the shortest time. The neutral counting list and the congruent list had similar results, as seen in Table 1. We had 115 participants, of which 17 were male and 98 were female. The age range was 16-53, and the mean 21.9. We ran a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if the means were significantly different in each condition and found that F (3,456) = 172.9, p 0.0001, as seen in Figure 1. We conducted a Tukeys HSD post-hoc test to find out which means were significantly different (seen in Table 1). The Tukeys HSD post-hoc test was conducted to determine if the incongruent counting list would cause Stroop interference, and thus a longer response time. We found that there was a significant difference between the reading list (M=11.6, SD=1.7) and the neutral counting list (M=13.8, SD=2.3), between the reading list (M=11.6, SD=1.7) and the incongruent counting list (M=18.9, SD=3.6) , between the reading list (M=11.6, SD=1.7) and the congruent counting list (M=13.2, SD=2.4), between the neutral counting list (M=13.8, SD=2.3) and the incongruent counting list (M=18.9, SD=3.6), and between the incongruent counting list (M=18.9, SD=3.6) and the congruent counting list (M=13.2, SD=2.4). The difference was NOT significant between the neutral counting list (M=13.8, SD=2.3) and the congruent counting list (M=13.2, SD=2.4). Discussion In this study, our goal was to determine rather or not the Stroop task would cause Stroop interference or not, and from that, to be able to measure how much interference was caused and possible reasons why. The main finding of this study was that the incongruence in what the participants read and what they are required to say out loud caused Stroop interference. We determined that the participants had the least problem to read the numbers being presented to them (reading list) and had the most problem (had a longer response time) to count the number of numerals being presented when the name of the numerals were not the same as the number of numerals (incongruent counting list). The findings were in accordance with the findings presented in Windesstudy of Reaction Time for Numerical Coding and Naming of Numerals. Although in the Windesresearch, he states that the results offer no clear answer he also states that there are possible sources of delay in naming stimuli and those are identification-task conflict and response conflict. The limitations of the study were that we were not able to separate age groups and analyze the different data separately, and instead, our age group was very broad, with a few outliers. We also we not able to conduct the experiment more than once and compare the results. Another limitation of this study could be that we did not control all other possible variables such as smoking, level of tiredness, and if participants had caffeine prior to the experiment or not. From this study, it is possible to conclude that the incongruent condition was the slowest, and this supports our hypothesis that an incongruence in the list would cause a Stroop interference. There was no significant difference between the neutral counting and congruent counting conditions because they do not provide any sort of facilitation or interference. Conclusion This experiment, the problem and question are to carry out a word influence of what we sew and how our brains have handled mixed messages. The main reason behind our hypotheses is that we did a research on this topic and came up with our hypothesis. our hypothesis is that if reaction of the people against time doesnt change in the same range, then words are great influencer in what we are able to see and that the brain does not handle mixed signals as well. References Perret, P. Ducrot, S. Psychonomic Bulletin Review (2010) 17: 550. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.17.4.550 Windes, J.D. (1968). Reaction Time for Numerical Coding and Naming of Numerals. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78(2), 318-322. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review.? Psychological bulletin,? 109(2), 163. Liotti, M., Woldorff, M. G., Perez, R., Mayberg, H. S. (2000). An ERP study of the temporal course of the Stroop color-word interference effect.? Neuropsychologia,? 38(5), 701-711.

Macromolecules And The Synthesis And Maintenance Of Cells

Eugenia Winfred Matukeni 102283 BIOLOGY A ESSAY Introduction There are four main classes of macromolecules which are found in cells. These are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. They each play an important role in the synthesis and maintenance of cells. Lipids Lipids are organic compounds such as fats, natural oils, waxes and steroids. They are amphiphilic thus construct structures like vesicles and cell membranes in damp environments. Main functions of lipids are cell signaling, formation of cell membranes and energy storage. (Fahy 2009) There are three main types of lipids found in cells these include fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains, they are stored†¦show more content†¦(Murray 2006) Proteins are important as they function as enzymes, which are specific and increase the rate of chemical reactions. They are involved in the metabolism and are involved in the creation production of DNA.(Bairoch 2000) Many proteins are involved in the process of cell signaling and transportation of molecules for example ferritin which gathers iron for storage in the liver is a protein. Antibodies which help to prevent infection, illness are made from protein. They bind antigens and destroy them. Hormones are such as insulin is crucial for the regulation of glucose in the body and parathormone is important for bone remodeling. These hormones are created by proteins in the body. Proteins are important for the development, maintaining and repair of body tissues and are the building blocks for organs, muscles, skin and hair. They make up the cytoskeleton which gives cells their shape and size. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are biological molecules made up of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon with the general formula (CH2O)n (Solomon 2004). They are classed as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides an aldehyde or ketone with many hydroxyl groups added examples include uronic acids and fructose. Disaccharides are formed from monosaccharides through the elimination of water examples include sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides consist of thousands of differentShow MoreRelatedStructure and Function of Macromolecules Within a Living Organism1137 Words   |  5 PagesStructure and function of macromolecules within a living organism ‘Some biological molecules in organisms are small and simple containing only one or a few functional groups, others are large, complex assemblies called macromolecules’ [1]. The term macromolecule is convenient because the bulk properties of a macromolecule differ from those of smaller molecules. These large chemical compounds have a high molecular weight consisting of a number of structural units linked together by covalentRead MoreThe Effect Of Protein On The Body Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pages What is protein, which group belongs to, his characteristics, the structure, the base, 3. How protein is useful what is his function. 4. What they are made of?macromolecules 5. Assembly of proteins (chemical components C,H, O, N) 6. Digestion (how is protein processed through digestion), stomach and parietal cells and HCl, chief cells: pepsinogen (inactive enzyme converted to active pepsine by HCL), acidic pH and the effect of acidity Small intestine- further digestion, the role of pancreas, pancreaticRead MoreUnit 21 Health and Social Care646 Words   |  3 Pagesright amount of food and drink to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. A balanced diet consists of vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, fats (lipids) and fibre which is also known as roughage. 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The basic idea surrounds a wide range of steps (and history) for changing living organisms according to human purposes such as going back to the cultivation of animals, plants, and advancements to these through programs that breedRead MoreCell Membrane And The Border Surrounding The Cell920 Words   |  4 PagesIn an animal cell, plasma membrane is the bor der surrounding the cell that allows the passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes (98). Cytoplasm is region between the cell membrane and the nucleus, and that is where we find various types of organelles of specific form and their tasks (98). The nucleus is an information center that contains most of the genetic information (DNA) and it controls the activities by creating messenger RNA (mRNA) so it can instruct protein synthesis (102). The nucleus’sRead MoreNatural Therapy Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesproteolysis enzymes. 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There are two primary types of cell, which are categorized according to the way their genetic material is packaged, rather than size or shape. These are: 1. Prokaryote cells - bacteria and archeans. They are single celled organisms, where the DNA is not separate from the cytoplasm. These prokaryote cells formed the earliest and most primitiveRead MoreThe Normal Cellular Location Of The Crusoe13199 Words   |  13 Pagescellular location of the CRUSOE1? [2 marks] A1: Triton X-100 is a detergent in laboratory practice and is used to permeabalize unfixed eukaryotic cell membranes and aids in solubilizing membranous proteins. The addition of the substance Triton X-100 would cause the majority of the cell membranes to become permeable thus allowing contents of the eukaryotic cell to leave via simple diffusion hence the large concentration of radioactive prominence to be situated in the supernatant fraction. Again, the detergent

The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example - 2088 Words

The 1940s in America sparked a new era in history concerning violence and warfare. The end of World War II brought the most horrific event in all of modern history to be witnessed by the world; the dropping of the Atomic Bomb, and further, the Holocaust. Born at the end of the Great War and living through this second World War, graphic imagery of the violence existing throughout her world filled the life of Shirley Jackson. Jackson’s husband Stanley Edgar Hyman wrote, â€Å"[Shirley’s] fierce visions of dissociations and madness, of alienation and withdrawal, of cruelty and terror, have been taken to be personal, even neurotic fantasies. After two rounds of drawing, one to choose the family, and one to choose the member of that family,†¦show more content†¦Although the story was published in 1948, it was a definite precursor to the 1950s, dominated by new television sitcoms helping to define the perfect American household; one maintained by the housewife. The United States during the late 1940s and 1950s was largely a patriarchal society, one in which women were expected to stay at home and raise the children. (The Lottery 145). â€Å"The Lottery† portrays this idea of women being unequal to men repeatedly. When Tessie first begins to question the fairness of the lottery, her husband replies, Shut up, Tessie (Jackson 299). Bill Hutchinson, in telling his wife to â€Å"shut up† represents the patriarchal society of the village. He shows control over his wife and represents that all men are better than women. He later shows no remorse at the death of his wife when she â€Å"wins† the lottery. Though controlled by her husband, Tessie further tries to rebel against the lottery using her voice. Unlike many of the other women in the town, by challenging the results of the lottery, Tessie represents one of the few voices of rebellion in a village controlled by tradition and complacency. Her low status as a woman h as also led many critics to state that Tessie’s fate illustrates the authority of men over women (The Lottery 141). Because Tessie is a woman, she has no say in the matters of the village. She is controlled by all men, including her husband, representing the sex roles of women in thatShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main ch aracter Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst th eir peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson9 34 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Critically examine the proposition that small alli Essay Example For Students

Critically examine the proposition that small alli Essay es have ?exploited? large allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Comment on the proposition that prospective gains for producer groups prove more important than assessment of gains to nation stCritically examine the proposition that small allies have exploited large allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Comment on the proposition that prospective gains for producer groups prove more important than assessment of gains to nation states when explaining international collaboration?The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) expanded by three new members in 1999 and thus now has nineteen members. Although most people view this to be a benefit for the future of NATO as it should enhance their strength and credibility there are those who view that it will lead to further exploitation in defence budget sharing and an allocative efficiency. It is thought that due to issues such as Globalisation the world is becoming more interlinked with organisations such as NATO and the UN comprising of more and more members. It is feared that this expansion will lead to problems with free riders taking advantage of the ever-increasing availability of the public goods offered by organisations such as NATO. There is also a case that producer groups within member countries benefit more than the actual nation states as the benefits to them are much more assured and accessible. Politicians are an example of a group, which can benefit greatly from international collaboration, as it is a tool, which can help them, gain re-election. The first real concerns over the economics of alliances were raised in Mancur Olson and Richard Zeckhauser their writings in 1966. This raises the point that in international institutions such as NATO the smaller allies are relying on the larger allies to pay the vast amount of the defence budget and thus free riding, this became known as the exploitation hypothesis. Sandler and Hartley point out a clear example of this exploitation, as in 1970 the USA contributed 75% on NATOs defence spending with the next closest allies which included the UK, France and Germany only contributing 6%. The exploitation becomes evident when you discover that the USA only received 35% of NATOs defence benefits. Olson and Zeckhauser felt that the NATO members would never be able to gain allocative efficiency under the system they were using for defence contributions. Olson and Zeckhauser developed a test for the exploitation hypothesis this was done by dividing military expenditure by GDP and then adjusting by the ability to pay. Then those states paying a disproportionate amount of their GDP were viewed to have a heavy defence burden on them. On the other hand though it is important to note though that the capabilities of countries such as the USA to spend on defence are much greater than many other countries and thus this may mean that they have a social responsibility to contribute more than others to the NATO defence budget. It could also be the case that if these countries are helped now then they will have the ability to pay more in the future and help to reduce the defence burden on the larger allies. The table above shows clear exploitation of the USA by many of the smaller allies as their benefit shares are more than their burdens. (Tables from Sandler and Hartley 1999)The table above shows even more examples which back up Olson and Zeckhausers allocation hypothesis, Canada being a clear and constant figure in this case where consistently every year their average benefit share is much greater than their defence burden e.g. in 1970 their burden was 1.98% whilst their benefit share was 25.32%. .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .postImageUrl , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:hover , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:visited , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:active { border:0!important; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:active , .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3 .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f3fabc6f15465218b4ea19dd6f168b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: For the Fire Poem Analysis Fom the Authors Perspective EssayThere are also efficiency problems, which arise when taking into account factors such as the indirect benefits of NATOs actions (especially over the 1990s). This is to do with issues such as their efforts towards peacekeeping in areas such as Eastern Europe e.g. Bosnia. These actions have helped to increase the security in the area and help it develop as a whole both economically and politically. Thee efficiency problem comes into effect when you take into account the fact that the majority of the NATO members will benefit from these actions which were mostly funded by the USA. International collaboration on the other hand can often benefit producer groups much more than it will benefit the member states. This would mean that groups such as politicians would be able to use their nations membership of international organisations to aid them in issues such as re-election. There is evidence further of this when in the 1980s Margaret Thatchers Conservative government opted to support lowering the UKs fuel emissions, which had a severely negative effect on the UK coal industry. This benefited her though rather than damaging, as the coal miners were not her voters. This therefore was a great benefit to Thatcher as she gained votes from environmentalists who may previously not have voted for her but on the other hand this may not have been of a major advantage to the UK as a whole as it created mass unemployment. There was also an example in 1991 where John Major supported an international initiative to support lower airfares. This benefited the Conservative party with public support but had a negative effect for British Airways. On the other hand though when looking at the international aviation market it has become clear that the national states were not the most important factor when the markets were set up post world war 2. The US were pushed into accepting an international cartel to run the aviation markets which was a very inefficient method as it did not allow much room for competition. The airline did not really benefit much until the 1970s when allocative efficiency came in. International institutions can also often benefit governments and producer goods as they give governments the opportunity to gain property rights in international markets and thus advance the amount of wealth available for domestic redistribution. A good example of this would be in the post war aviation markets with the Bermuda regime. This is because without international institutions to negotiate the fares, and landing rights etc. the costs would have been extremely high to the airlines and would have stunted the market develop ment. This would have lead to air travel being much more expensive and thus being much further away from allocative efficiency. The international institutions therefore increased allocative efficiency through establishing property rights in the international markets, which in turn lead to the redistribution of wealth. International collaboration through institutions such as the EU and the WTO will also be a huge advantage to producer groups as it will increase their markets for sales and also enable them to import or get goods produced cheaper than in the UK for example. This is therefore likely to have both positive and negative effects on a country such as the UK though as it will increase GDP but unemployment may rise due to manufacturing jobs being reduced. These benefits to producer groups have become extremely evident since the recent EU expansion and going further back the end of the Cold War. In conclusion with regard to the factor that the smaller allies exploit the larger allies in NATO. These are a clear lack of allocative efficiency, as the smaller allies appear to be free riding off the back of the larger allies especially the USA. In many cases some of the smaller countries are not even covering their defence burdens. Therefore in the case of the worlds developed countries this is a clear case of exploitation and taking advantage of a public good provided by the larger allies. In other countries such as Bosnia who have not been in a position to pay into NATO but have used their public goods they would not be deemed to be exploiting any of the member states. With regard to the factor that producer groups gain more from international collaboration than the nation states, it is also a debatable subject. There has been clear evidence of international collaboration being used for political or corporate gains, but it is also clear that international collaboration can help to increase the wealth and security of a country as well. The gains by the Conservative party in the eighties and nineties through international institutions are a clear example of hoe they can also be used to benefit politicians. In this case signing up to specific international treaties helped them win extra votes without losing any as the treaties did not affect to lives of their core voters directly. A clear example were producer groups are taken as a primary concern would be the USAs reluctance to sign the Kyoto treaty. This is mainly due to the fact that it is likely to cost industry in their country too much money. .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .postImageUrl , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:hover , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:visited , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:active { border:0!important; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:active , .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7 .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uddb41573a51b8115a06972a4b28373d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jimmy - Racism EssayBibliographySandler and MurdochOn Sharing NATO defence burdens in the 1990s and Beyond, Fiscal Studies, vol. 21, no.3, 2000 pg. 297-327Olson and ZeckhauserAn Economic Theory of Alliances, Review of Economics and Statistics, 1966 (vol 48, no 3, pg 266-79)Richards J ETowards a positive theory of international institutions: regulating international aviation markets, International Organisation, vol 53, 1999, pg 1-37Sandler and HartleyThe Political Economy of NATO, Cambridge University Press, 1999, Chapter 2

Yevtushenkos Babi Yar Essays (931 words) - The Holocaust In Ukraine

Yevtushenko's Babi Yar Babi Yar, a poem written by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, tells the story of the Nazi invasion into a small part of Russia, in which, throughout the duration of World War II, over one-hundred thousand Jews, Gypsies and Russian POW's were brutally murdered. However, what is unique about this particular perspective is that the narrator is not a Jew, but a mere observer who is aghast at the atrocities that took place during the Holocaust. It is through allusions, as well as other literary devices, that Yevtushenko elucidates caustically the absurdities of the hatred that caused the Holocaust, in addition to the narrator's identification with the Jews and their history of oppression. Perhaps, the most effective literary device used in "Babi Yar" is the allusion. The first clear allusion seen in the poem is the one concerning Egypt(line 6). This reference harks back to the Jews' enslavement in Egypt before they become a nation. In line 7, the narrator makes reference to how so many Jews perished on the cross. The reason for these initial allusions in the first section is clear. Yevtushenko is establishing the history of the Jewish people, being one of oppression, prejudice, and innocent victims. The next illusion in the poem is a reference to the Dreyfus Affair, a more modern display of irrational and avid anti-Semitism. It is in the Dreyfus affair that an innocent man is accused of espionage and is sent to jail for more than ten years, notwithstanding an overwhelming amount of evidence pointing to his innocence, simply because he is a Jew. Yevtushenko uses these allusions to lead up to his referral to a boy in Bielostok who is murdered by the Russian common-folk. Clearly, The narrator is teaching a lesson with a dual message. Firstly, he is informing the reader of the horrors that took place in Russia during the Holocaust. Perhaps even more of a travesty, however, is the fact that humankind has not learned from the past in light of the fact that this "episode" is merely one link in a long chain of terrors. Yevtushenko goes on to allude to Anne Frank, a young Jewish teenager who left behind a diary of her thoughts and dreams, and how the Nazis strip her of any potential future she has when she is murdered in the death camps. Clearly, the allusion creates images in the mind of the reader that mere descriptions via the use of words could not. Another effective literary device used in the poem is the first person narrative in which the narrator identifies with those victims which he describes. This is seen in the case where the narrator says "I am Dreyfus", or "Anne Frank, I am she." The narrator does not claim to understand what the feelings and thoughts of these people are, but rather, he is acknowledging the fact that they are feeling, "detested and denounced" and that unlike the rest of the world who turned its head, or the Russians who actually abetted such heinous crimes, this gentile narrator can not empathize, but does sympathize with his Jewish "brethren." Another extremely powerful device used by Yevtushenko is the detail of description and imagery used to describe events and feelings that are in both those whom he identifies with, as well as himself. "I bear the red mark of nails"(line 8) seems to include much of the suffering that the Jews have to endure. The statement is almost one of a reverse crucifixion in which the Jews are crucified and now have to suffer with false accusations, blood libels, and Pogroms for the duration of time. The poet describes very clearly the contempt most people have for the Jewish people and how many of these people aided in the barbarity . In line 13, for example, the poet speaks of "shrieking ladies in fine ruffled gowns" who "brandish their umbrellas in my face." In addition, Yevtushenko also depicts explicitly how the "tavern masters celebrate" at the sight of "(a Jewish boy's)blood spurt and spread over the floor." The contrast of age in "Babi Yar" is also quite effective. In the last three sections, the reader finds out that the narrator is remembering the past, mourning those who have perished.

John Wilkes Booth;Americas In essays

John Wilkes Booth;Americas In essays John Wilkes Booth, a name that conjures up Americas most infamous assassin and killer of perhaps one of Americas greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln. Born in 1838 on a farm near Bel Air, Maryland, John W. Booth grew up favoring the south and its way of life. Being a Southerner, Booth was in favor of slavery and was a stubborn racist. For this reason, his hatred for Lincoln was intense since Lincoln stood for everything Booth was against. He blamed Lincoln for all the problems America was suffering especially any that were felt by the Confederacy. By comparing the beliefs of John Wilkes Booth to those of Abraham Lincolns, one can come to a clear understanding of how the tragic night at the Fords Theatre came to be. Slavery was a huge part of America at the time and one of Lincolns main goals was to rid America of the slave system. Booth was a stubborn racist and completely supported the slave system. In one instance he was one of the armed men responsible to guard against any attempts of saving John Brown (an abolitionist who attempted a slave uprising) before hanging. Booths racism is perhaps one of the reasons that lead to the assassination of Lincoln. He felt that Lincolns beliefs were outrageous and that he was out of proportions. "This country was formed for the white not for the black man. And looking upon African slavery from the same stand-point, held by those noble framers of our Constitution, I for one, have ever considered it, one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us) that God ever bestowed upon a favored nation." John Wilkes Booth, November, 1864, in a letter to his brother-in-law.1 Through Booths letter, it is evident that his racism and hatred for the blacks was extreme. He states that America was for the whites not the blacks and thus, he is in absolute favor of the slave system. For this reason, Booth yearned to get rid of Lincoln by any means ...

Statements of cash flows Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Statements of cash flows - Research Paper Example This explains why bank overdrafts are not part of financing activities. Additionally, the information presented on cash flow of IFRS is quick and easy to flow. Each entity is supposed to present cash flow statement in such a way that it gives an appropriate reporting of financing activities, investing, and operating. For instance, during the investing activities, it is expected that the firm acquires and uses the long term assets and other activities in the investment process that are not equivalent to cash flow. Additionally, it outlines investment activities as clearly cut and some of the examples of the investment activities undertaken during this time include paying cash to get the service or good to be used in the long-term service. The good or services involved in this case are the long term and intangible assets. Hence they break down into materials used during self construction, to acquire plant or machinery (Stephen & Norbert). Moreover, cash receipts received after selling an acquired asset should be part of investment activities. It generally involves the sale of a plant, property and equipment. Another thing considered is debt instrument or rather sales equity of entities and the interests acquired through the joint ventures. However, receipts from those entities that are classified as cash equivalent especially if they are held for trading and should be omitted. Furthermore, the advances of loans and cash from other parties are classified in this section together with their cash receipt repayment which includes loans to other parties involved ( AICPA). Other investment activities classifications includes cash gotten from securities like forward, option, future or swap contracts and they should appear on the cash flow statements. It only excludes these securities when the accounts are held for dealing and as a result, the payments are classified in part of financial undertakings. Noting here that, the account may be accounted as a hedge it is theref ore classified in this section of the cash flow. In the operation activities just like in IFRS cash flow method, are various methods that are described as the principal revenue producing operation. Therefore, a cash flow from the operation activities may result after transactions or other conditions bring in ways of profit determination or losses determination. Example of these operation activities are cash gotten from the sale of good or after the firm has rendered some services. It includes the cash received from loyalties, commission, fee and other revenues. Besides, it shows payment of cash on behalf of or to the employee. Also, it include activities like refunding of taxes or any other cash payments made by the company unless they are stated to specifically associate with the other cash flow activities. Actually, it is supposed to include cash received, all payments gotten from an investment, loan among other money contracts held during trading purposes and they are classified as inventory specifically acquired for resale (Stephen & Norbert). It is therefore evident that just like in IFRS, when accounting one should show some transaction under operation activities, which includes the firm selling machinery and this result to the firm gaining or loosing. Therefore, cash flows experienced from these transactions are classified to being from

Elementary Education Major Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elementary Education Major - Research Paper Example In this paper, I want to explain why I regard this course to be among the best courses given in our universities, its benefits, and some of the challenges that one can encounter as a profession. I am planning to bring-out my original assumptions, my findings from research and my final discoveries. What I Know, Assume or Imagine What I know is that several universities and constituent colleges distributed throughout this country offer this course. However, each university has specific qualifications requirements for admission in this course. The course takes four years when studied on full time bases. I am aware that the course involves assessments that vary depending with the intended purpose. For somebody to graduate, it is mandatory that the person must have passed all the assessments. My assumptions are that University of Florida is the best in offering this course and that it is among the ones that admit most students on the course. Another assumption that I have is that after th e four years of study and successful assessments I will come out of this university a fully qualified and competent elementary school teacher. I also have an assumption that I will be able to obtain a job soon after graduation. In addition, I have the assumption that that the course might be involving but not that much challenging and that I have full ability to handle it. What I imagine is how the teaching process and assessment process will be looking like. I imagine an assessment like being told to teach an elementary class while you are being assessed by a tutor or a supervisor. I also imagine what the course content might be. My imagination is that it will contain some course units teaching about learning behaviors and effective running styles. In this imagination, I suppose that it will criticize cramming and emphasize on understanding among students. Most of these imaginations, that I am not sure of them, might be true or false and might exist or not exist. The search One maj or component found in elementary education major course is field experience (Freshman Academic Advisory Services 3). Thus as an education major I should expect to find various fieldwork tasks throughout my training period. In most cases, supervisors or tutors will offer guidance and coaching on how those fieldwork activities should be effectively undertaken. Such activities could be both challenging and enjoyable depending on personal traits and characteristics. According to Harmon and Jones (20), the focus of education has changed from schooling as a preparation for participation in society to schooling as a vehicle to social change. Therefore, education professionals are required to develop not only the teaching skills but also interactive skills necessary for generating social change among students. As an education profession in the making, I am prepared to develop and nurture those skills that will make me a better elementary schools educator by the end of my training. The eleme ntary education should recover the characteristic compassion of children, which requires nurturing and protection from corruptive social forces (Letts and Sears 28). As an elementary school educator, I realize that I will be the one expected to play the key role in recovering this characteristic compassion of children among my students. I should thus ensure that I gain the required skills and tactics required to

Is Thai Airways going to bankruptcy Research Paper

Is Thai Airways going to bankruptcy - Research Paper Example uld take up shares with the business, beginning April 1, 1988, to be the major shareholder with an estimated 51.03% of the company’s shareholdings, while the remaining 48.97% is owned by investors in the domestic and foreign markets, also including the company’s employees (THAI, 2013). Through the years, the company has experienced various challenges, benefits, and implemented different strategies to remain competitive and profitable in a highly competitive international market (Shoffner, Shelly, & Cooke, 2011). There is speculation that Thai Airways may be going bankrupt, following several challenges in generation of revenue. Different scholars and publications have closely followed the progress of the company, often making speculations, and detailing the actions taken by various entities in an effort to prevent the company from going bankrupt. The impeding bankruptcy of the airline follows a number of decisions made by the company, with respect to the market forces. T he extent to which the investors are willing to get involved in the recovery efforts will determine the probability and possibility of the company failing. In this study, the aim is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the company finances and situation to establish the basis of bankruptcy claims and probabilities. Thai Airways is an entity in the transportation industry, such that the ministry of transport manages the domestic, regional and international routes. The nature of the venture means that the products and services offered include air passenger, cargo and mail transport, warehouse, ground passage, ground equipment, and catering and maintenance services. Although the company is renowned for the air passenger services, the other services serve to support this core service. Under the service, the company has witnessed growth in the customers as well as fleet of airplanes, but challenges have resulted in premonitions on the company’s bankruptcy. Improvements to the services offered and

Moses Mendelssohn :: essays research papers

Moses Mendelssohn lived between the years 1729 and 1786. He was known as the " father of Haskalah " because of his contributions to the Haskalah movement. Mendelssohn was a Jewish philosopher, and got much of his education from his father, the local rabbi, David Frankel. Mendelssohn studied the philosophy of Maimonides. He had written the " Principally Leibnia ",as an attack on the national neglect of native philosophers. Also published by Mendelssohn was the " Philosophical Conversations " in 1755. Between the years 1756 and 1759, Mendelssohn became known as the " leading spirit of the Bibiothek " and ran some risk by freely criticizing the poems of the king of Prussia. In 1762 he won the prize offered by the Berlin academy for an essay on the application of mathematical proofs to metaphysics. On October 1763, the King granted Mendelssohn the privilege of Protected Jew (Schutz - Jude), which assured his right to undisturbed residence in Berlin. Mendelssohn devoted his life to the culture and emancipation of the Jews. He began by his German translation of the pentateuch and other parts of the bible. From this, the Jews learned the German language, German culture, and got a desire for German nationality. Mendelssohn put forward his plea for tolerance in Jerusalem " Oder Uben Religios Macht und Judenthum ". Mendelssohn was a great philosopher, and his contributions to the Jews were and still are great. Samson Raphael Hirsch lived between the years 1808 and 1888. He was the leader of Orthodoxy in Germany in the nine-teenth century. Hirsch was known as the " Jewish religious thinker ", and the " founder of Trenniley-Othodixie " (separatist Orthodoxy). He was the leading spirit in the establishment and of modernized Orthodox Jewish congregation and school system. The slogan of the growing " neo-orthodox " group was " torah combined with wordily wisdom ". They believed in schools that the Hebrew language, Jewish subjects, secular studies, and the school curriculum should be taught. Prussia adopted a law permitting Jews to secede from the general Jewish community and establish separate religious societies. Hirsch wrote " Nineteen Letters "," Horeb ", commentaries on the Pentateuch, Psalms, the Hebrew prayer book, and edited the monthly " Jeshurun ". Hirsch showed Judaism as a community based on faith, aiming at the sanctification of life, the spiritualization of man, and the attainment of an awareness of G-d's presence on Earth. He rejected biblical criticism, and the application of scientific methods to the study of Judaism. Moses Mendelssohn and Samson Raphael Hirsch were different in that Mendelssohn believed in secular education,assimilation within your country, and learning the language of the country ( in his case, it was Germany ) .

Learning Style Inventory

The two personality inventories that my cousin and I took part in measure the five factors that most psychologists use in studying the personality of the individual. However, each test was administered by a different group and found on a different website. Both tests provide a set of questions that measure what are considered to be the five basic dimensions of one’s personality: extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Collectively, these dimensions are called the Big-5 dimensions. The first test is found on the website http://test.personality-project.org/. According to the website, the personality survey had two main objectives. The first is, â€Å"to find out more about these five dimensions of personality.† The second objective is, â€Å"To take part in and further the use of the internet as a collaborative and data collection tool.† Furthermore, the questions in the test were taken from International Personality Item Pool. The descriptions of each of the basic dimension were derived from the work of John Johnson. The participant was asked to rate the phrases that describe people’s behavior depending on how accurate they describe him. In addition to measuring the big-5 dimensions, the test also included items about one’s musical preferences and cognitive ability. There were a total of 60 questions about the big-5 dimensions and an additional 26 about musical preference and cognitive ability. Upon comparing my results of the test to that of my cousin, I found out that of the five dimensions measured, we differed significantly in only one dimension, extraversion. My cousin is considered to be more of an extravert than I am. In fact, he scored very high in the said dimension. On the other hand, out of 100, I only rated 34. He is considered to be highly sociable, energetic, and outgoing. My score, on the other hand, is seen as average. According to the description given, I am neither a loner nor a social butterfly. In other words, there are times I prefer to be around other people enjoying their company but there are also times that I prefer to be alone. For the dimension of agreeableness, we both were rated high, meaning, we both possess a strong interest in other people’s needs. As both our reports said, â€Å"You are pleasant, sympathetic, and cooperative.† For conscientiousness, both my cousin and I scored high. This high score indicates that we set our goals and aim to achieve these goals. Likewise, we are both considered to be hard-working and reliable. With regards to the dimension of emotional stability, both of us scored high which indicates that we are calm and not easily rattled or stressed. Furthermore, it says that we remain unaffected by intense situations. For the last dimension, openness, both my cousin and I scored average. According to our reports, this meant that we are not purely conventional nor are completely radical. In other words, we enjoy certain traditional things but are somewhat open to venturing out to unfamiliar things as well. The second personality inventory we took measure the same personality dimensions as the first. The test is available to anyone through the website: http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/. There are a total of 48 items in the test. The participant is asked to rate their agreement with a given statement about themselves from a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 meaning complete disagreement and 5 meaning complete agreement. These items will see how the participant perceives himself to be like. My results in this test did not differ much from the first test. The main difference was that in this test, I scored low in openness to experience. In this test, I found out that I am conventional. In the earlier test I was neither conventional nor the opposite. For the other dimensions, my scores were very similar to the first. Basically, the test told me that I am well-organized and reliable. Also, it said that I am neither reserved nor particularly social. Furthermore, my results indicated that I was considerate of the feelings of other people and that I remain calm even in tense situations. On the other hand, the results of my cousin in this test remained consistent with his earlier test. As such, in this test, our differences lie in the dimensions of extraversion and openness. This test revealed that he was highly sociable and that was neither conventional nor complex. As for the dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability or neuroticism, our scores did not differ significantly indicating that we shared such personality traits. I learned several things from taking the two tests. First, it was able to tell me certain things about my personality. I discovered that I should not consider my self as completely unsociable for I do have the capability to mingle and enjoy my time with other people. I have long seen myself as being a loner but the tests have shown me that I indeed have it in me to enjoy the company of other people. Secondly, taking the test made me realize that indeed people who are alike tend to stay together. I am very close to my cousin. With our results being very similar, I realized that it was because we were very much alike in certain areas. Finally, the tests gave me a glimpse as to who I am. Although I know that the results do not sum up who I really am, I am glad to gain even just a faint idea as to who I really am. Reference: John, O (2003). The big-5 personality test. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 29 October 2007 from: http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/. Revelle, W. (n.d). Internet Personality Inventory Survey. Northwestern University. Retrieved 29 October 2007 from: http://test.personality-project.org/.   

The Issue Of Fishing And Piracy - 1626 Words

Question 1 According to the article, the next-best alternative use of time when for some fishermen in Indonesia is turning to piracy. Since the fishing and piracy are similar activities, these two activities will have the similar marginal cost, however the poor weather conditions may decrease the marginal cost for piracy, because the poor weather conditions provide a cover to the pirates and make them can hijack ships easier. And if weather conditions are unsuitable for fishing, the marginal benefit will decrease due to the decrease in the number of fishes captured each net. But the marginal benefit for piracy isn’t influenced by the weather. Therefore, the rational decision makers will seek another source of income when the marginal†¦show more content†¦As the negative externalities appear, tax can apply. As the graph shown, people maximize their welfare where PMB = PMC. By applying the tax of P0 -P2, the supply curve shifts to SMC and price rises from P1 to P2, People will no w consume less, as the quantity decreases from Q* to Q**, the negative surplus (shaded area) will decrease, thus, the social well-being increases. c)As a criminal organization, government regulation will have no effect on them, so they will ignore the regulations instead of comply, so the private marginal cost of Mafia running an illegal sector for gambling will not be increased to the social marginal cost, so the negative externalities will still exist, the social well-being will not be maximized, and the lower price than other legal gambling house (because Mafia does not subject to this tax) will give gamblers a incentive to participate the gambling market ran by Mafia more, the quantity of gambling will exceed the efficient level. Therefore, the existence of illegal sector for gambling will decrease the effectiveness of the government intervention. d)The market of gambling is already in an efficient level with government taxes, further government regulations of reducing the number of the gambling machines can only reduce the social well-being. There will be a decrease in supply, so the supply curve shifts inward, as a result, the equilibrium price will increase, and because the demand for gambling is relatively inelastic

Book Review Get Your Gun - 2041 Words

Michelle Sweeney 00895121 12/11/15 Gillespie Get Your Gun â€Å"We are men of peace we are men who work and we want no quarrel. But if you destroy our peace if you take away our work if you try to range us one against the other we will know what to do. If you tell us to make the world safe for democracy we will take you seriously and by god and by Christ we will make it so. We will use the guns you force upon us we will use them to defend our very lives and the menace to our lives does not lie on the other side of a nomansland that was set apart without our consent it lies within our own boundaries here and now we have seen it and we know it.† (Trumbo, 242) This quote is from the very end of Dalton Trumbo’s Johnny Got His Gun, which is an antiwar novel about a man who was severely injured and has to live out the rest of his life in a hospital bed, unable to use any of his senses. He wants to be a constant reminder of what really happens during battle and he wants people to look at him and to be afraid of what could happen to their children or themselves. Johnny represents people’s fears and portrays them in a way that no one could in words. Antiwar movements were not as prominent during World War I as they were during World War II. People had no idea what was happening when the first war started, but once the second came around, people were more vocal about their concerns and what they should be informed about. â€Å"After the First World War the belief became substantiallyShow MoreRelated Persuasive Paper on Paintball - Original Writing895 Words   |  4 Pagesleaves crush under your feet and are not sure if anyone is following you, but a gut felling keeps you going. Then you come to a quick halt. There you stand unprotected and vulnerable to any one, as the trees close in around you. Then a twig snaps you avert your eyes to the origin of the sound. 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The American Revolution A Radical Movement Essay - 668 Words

The 13 American colonies revolted against their British rulers in 1775. The war began on April 19, when British soldiers fired on the Minutemen of Lexington, Mass. The fighting ended with the surrender of the British at Yorktown on Oct. 19, 1781. In 1783 Great Britain signed a formal treaty recognizing the independence of the colonies. Through the hardships of life in a wild, new land, the American settlers gained strength and a firm belief in the rights and liberties of the individual man. They revolted because England interfered with their trade and industry, demanded unjust taxes, and sent British troops to compel obedience. At first they fought only for their rights. After a year of war they fought for a†¦show more content†¦Between these two societies there could not be much in common. With such opposing viewpoints and extreme change in social and economic structure, America began to yearn for independence and self-rule, and break away from the rule of Imperial Britain. The many taxes imposed on the colonies by English leaders also created great conflict between the two sides. American colonist felt that they were not represented in Parliament and therefore could not tax its people. But Parliament felt that they looked out for the best interest of the entire empire, therefore had the right to enact legislation. This caused political unrest and uprisings within the colonies. Protest took the form of newspapers, sermons, and pamphlets. Riots and events such as the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party began to show the colonist distrust of British rulers. With tensions rising between the factions, the Americans were opting for a drastic change in the system. When America finally decides to declare its independence and go to war, it is a sign of radical action. Britains army was four times as big and consisted of well trained and experienced soldiers. Americans, on the other hand, had soldiers who were poorly trained and equipped. 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Chapter 33 The Death Eaters Free Essays

string(572) " the steps I took, long ago, to guard myself against mortal death\? They, who had seen proofs of the immensity of my power in the times when I was mightier than any wizard living\? â€Å"And I answer myself, perhaps they believed a still greater power could exist, one that could vanquish even Lord Voldemort†¦perhaps they now pay allegiance to another†¦perhaps that champion of commoners, of Mudbloods and Muggles, Albus Dumbledore\?† At the mention of Dumbledore’s name, the members of the circle stirred, and some muttered and shook their heads\." Voldemort looked away from Harry and began examining his own body. His hands were like large, pale spiders; his long white fingers caressed his own chest, his arms, his face; the red eyes, whose pupils were slits, like a cats, gleamed still more brightly through the darkness. He held up his hands and flexed the fingers, his expression rapt and exultant. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 33 The Death Eaters or any similar topic only for you Order Now He took not the slightest notice of Wormtail, who lay twitching and bleeding on the ground, nor of the great snake, which had slithered back into sight and was circling Harry again, hissing. Voldemort slipped one of those unnaturally long-fingered hands into a deep pocket and drew out a wand. He caressed it gently too; and then he raised it, and pointed it at Wormtail, who was lifted off the ground and thrown against the headstone where Harry was tied; he fell to the foot of it and lay there, crumpled up and crying. Voldemort turned his scarlet eyes upon Harry, laughing a high, cold, mirthless laugh. Wormtail’s robes were shining with blood now; he had wrapped the stump of his arm in them. â€Å"My Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he choked, â€Å"my Lord†¦you promised†¦you did promise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hold out your arm,† said Voldemort lazily. â€Å"Oh Master†¦thank you, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He extended the bleeding stump, but Voldemort laughed again. â€Å"The other arm, Wormtail.† â€Å"Master, please†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Voldemort bent down and pulled out Wormtail’s left arm; he forced the sleeve of Wormtail’s robes up past his elbow, and Harry saw something upon the skin there, something like a vivid red tattoo – a skull with a snake protruding from its mouth – the image that had appeared in the sky at the Quidditch World Cup: the Dark Mark. Voldemort examined it carefully, ignoring Wormtail’s uncontrollable weeping. â€Å"It is back,† he said softly, â€Å"they will all have noticed it†¦and now, we shall see†¦now we shall know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pressed his long white forefinger to the brand on Wormtail’s arm. The scar on Harry’s forehead seared with a sharp pain again, and Wormtail let out a fresh howl; Voldemort removed his fingers from Wormtail’s mark, and Harry saw that it had turned jet black. A look of cruel satisfaction on his face, Voldemort straightened up, threw back his head, and stared around at the dark graveyard. â€Å"How many will be brave enough to return when they feel it?† he whispered, his gleaming red eyes fixed upon the stars. â€Å"And how many will be foolish enough to stay away?† He began to pace up and down before Harry and Wormtail, eyes sweeping the graveyard all the while. After a minute or so, he looked down at Harry again, a cruel smile twisting his snakelike face. â€Å"You stand, Harry Potter, upon the remains of my late father,† he hissed softly. â€Å"A Muggle and a fool†¦very like your dear mother. But they both had their uses, did they not? Your mother died to defend you as a child†¦and I killed my father, and see how useful he has proved himself, in death†¦.† Voldemort laughed again. Up and down he paced, looking all around him as he walked, and the snake continued to circle in the grass. â€Å"You see that house upon the hillside, Potter? My father lived there. My mother, a witch who lived here in this village, fell in love with him. But he abandoned her when she told him what she was†¦.He didn’t like magic, my father†¦ â€Å"He left her and returned to his Muggle parents before I was even born. Potter, and she died giving birth to me, leaving me to be raised in a Muggle orphanage†¦but I vowed to find him†¦I revenged myself upon him, that fool who gave me his name†¦Tom Riddle†¦.† Still he paced, his red eyes darting from grave to grave. â€Å"Listen to me, reliving family history†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said quietly, â€Å"why, I am growing quite sentimental†¦.But look, Harry! My true family returns†¦.† The air was suddenly full of the swishing of cloaks. Between graves, behind the yew tree, in every shadowy space, wizards were Apparating. All of them were hooded and masked. And one by one they moved forward†¦slowly, cautiously, as though they could hardly believe their eyes Voldemort stood in silence, waiting for them. Then one of the Death Eaters fell to his knees, crawled toward Voldemort and kissed the hem of his black robes. â€Å"Master†¦Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he murmured. The Death Eaters behind him did the same; each of them approaching Voldemort on his knees and kissing his robes, before backing away and standing up, forming a silent circle, which enclosed Tom Riddle’s grave, Harry, Voldemort, and the sobbing and twitching heap that was Wormtail. Yet they left gaps in the circle, as though waiting for more people. Voldemort, however, did not seem to expect more. He looked around at the hooded faces, and though there was no wind rustling seemed to run around the circle, as though it had shivered. â€Å"Welcome, Death Eaters,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"Thirteen years†¦thirteen years since last we met. Yet you answer my call as though it were yesterday, we are still united under the Dark Mark, then! Or are we?† He put back his terrible face and sniffed, his slit-like nostrils widening. â€Å"I smell guilt,† he said. â€Å"There is a stench or guilt upon the air. A second shiver ran around the circle, as though each member of it longed, but did not dare to step back from him. â€Å"I see you all, whole and healthy, with your powers intact – such prompt appearances! and I ask myself†¦why did this band of wizards never come to the aid of their master, to whom they swore eternal loyalty?† No one spoke. No one moved except Wormtail, who was upon the ground, still sobbing over his bleeding arm. â€Å"And I answer myself,† whispered Voldemort, â€Å"they must have believed me broken, they thought I was gone. They slipped back among my enemies, and they pleaded innocence, and ignorance, and bewitchment †¦. â€Å"And then I ask myself, but how could they have believed I would not rise again? They, who knew the steps I took, long ago, to guard myself against mortal death? They, who had seen proofs of the immensity of my power in the times when I was mightier than any wizard living? â€Å"And I answer myself, perhaps they believed a still greater power could exist, one that could vanquish even Lord Voldemort†¦perhaps they now pay allegiance to another†¦perhaps that champion of commoners, of Mudbloods and Muggles, Albus Dumbledore?† At the mention of Dumbledore’s name, the members of the circle stirred, and some muttered and shook their heads. Voldemort ignored them. â€Å"It is a disappointment to me†¦I confess myself disappointed†¦.† One of the men suddenly flung himself forward, breaking the circle. Trembling from head to foot, he collapsed at Voldemort’s feet. â€Å"Master!† he shrieked, â€Å"Master, forgive me! Forgive us all!† Voldemort began to laugh. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† The Death Eater on the ground writhed and shrieked; Harry was sure the sound must carry to the houses around†¦.Let the police come, he thought desperately†¦anyone†¦anything†¦ Voldemort raised his wand. The tortured Death Eater lay flat upon the ground, gasping. â€Å"Get up, Avery,† said Voldemort softly. â€Å"Stand up. You ask for forgiveness? I do not forgive. I do not forget. Thirteen long years†¦I want thirteen years’ repayment before I forgive you. Wormtail here has paid some of his debt already, have you not, Wormtail?† He looked down at Wormtail, who continued to sob. â€Å"You returned to me, not out of loyalty, but out of fear of your old friends. You deserve this pain, Wormtail. You know that, don’t you?† â€Å"Yes, Master,† moaned Wormtail, â€Å"please. Master†¦please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yet you helped return me to my body,† said Voldemort coolly, watching Wormtail sob on the ground. â€Å"Worthless and traitorous as you are, you helped me†¦and Lord Voldemort rewards his helpers†¦.† Voldemort raised his wand again and whirled it through the air. A streak of what looked like molten silver hung shining in the wand’s wake. Momentarily shapeless, it writhed and then formed itself into a gleaming replica of a human hand, bright as moonlight, which soared downward and fixed itself upon Wormtail’s bleeding wrist. Wormtail’s sobbing stopped abruptly. His breathing harsh and ragged, he raised his head and stared in disbelief at the silver hand, now attached seamlessly to his arm, as though he were wearing a dazzling glove. He flexed the shining fingers, then, trembling, picked up a small twig on the ground and crushed it into powder. â€Å"My Lord,† he whispered. â€Å"Master†¦it is beautiful†¦thank you†¦thank you†¦.† He scrambled forward on his knees and kissed the hem of Voldemort’s robes. â€Å"May your loyalty never waver again, Wormtail,† said Voldemort. â€Å"No, my Lord†¦never, my Lord†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Wormtail stood up and took his place in the circle, staring at his powerful new hand, his face still shining with tears. Voldemort now approached the man on Wormtail’s right. â€Å"Lucius, my slippery friend,† he whispered, halting before him. â€Å"I am told that you have not renounced the old ways, though to the world you present a respectable face. You are still ready to take the lead in a spot of Muggle-torture, I believe? Yet you never tried to find me, Lucius†¦.Your exploits at the Quidditch World Cup were fun, I daresay†¦but might not your energies have been better directed toward finding and aiding your master?† â€Å"My Lord, I was constantly on the alert,† came Lucius Malfoy’s voice swiftly from beneath the hood. â€Å"Had there been any sign from you, any whisper of your whereabouts, I would have been at your side immediately, nothing could have prevented me -â€Å" â€Å"And yet you ran from my Mark, when a faithful Death Eater sent it into the sky last summer?† said Voldemort lazily, and Mr. Malfoy stopped talking abruptly. â€Å"Yes, I know all about that, Lucius†¦.You have disappointed me†¦.I expect more faithful service in the future.† â€Å"Of course, my Lord, of course†¦.You are merciful, thank you†¦.† Voldemort moved on, and stopped, staring at the space – large enough for two people – that separated Malfoy and the next man. â€Å"The Lestranges should stand here,† said Voldemort quietly. â€Å"But they are entombed in Azkaban. They were faithful. They went to Azkaban rather than renounce me†¦.When Azkaban is broken open, the Lestranges will be honored beyond their dreams. The dementors will join us†¦they are our natural allies†¦we will recall the banished giants†¦I shall have all my devoted servants returned to me, and an army of creatures whom all fear†¦.† He walked on. Some of the Death Eaters he passed in silence, but he paused before others and spoke to them. â€Å"Macnair†¦destroying dangerous beasts for the Ministry of Magic now, Wormtail tells me? You shall have better victims than that soon, Macnair. Lord Voldemort will provide†¦.† â€Å"Thank you, Master†¦thank you,† murmured Macnair. â€Å"And here† – Voldemort moved on to the two largest hooded figures – â€Å"we have Crabbe†¦you will do better this time, will you not, Crabbe? And you, Goyle?† They bowed clumsily, muttering dully. â€Å"Yes, Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We will, Master†¦.† â€Å"The same goes for you, Nott,† said Voldemort quietly as he walked past a stooped figure in Mr. Goyles shadow. â€Å"My Lord, I prostrate myself before you, I am your most faithful -â€Å" â€Å"That will do,† said Voldemort. He had reached the largest gap of all, and he stood surveying it with his blank, red eyes, as though he could see people standing there. â€Å"And here we have six missing Death Eaters†¦three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return†¦he will pay. One, who I believe has left me forever†¦he will be killed, of course†¦and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already reentered my service.† The Death Eaters stirred, and Harry saw their eyes dart sideways at one another through their masks. â€Å"He is at Hogwarts, that faithful servant, and it was through his efforts that our young friend arrived here tonight†¦. â€Å"Yes,† said Voldemort, a grin curling his lipless mouth as the eyes of the circle flashed in Harry’s direction. â€Å"Harry Potter has kindly joined us for my rebirthing party. One might go so far as to call him my guest of honor.† There was a silence. Then the Death Eater to the right of Wormtail stepped forward, and Lucius Malfoy’s voice spoke from under the mask. â€Å"Master, we crave to know†¦we beg you to tell us†¦how you have achieved this†¦this miracle†¦how you managed to return to us†¦.† â€Å"Ah, what a story it is, Lucius,† said Voldemort. â€Å"And it begins – and ends – with my young friend here.† He walked lazily over to stand next to Harry, so that the eyes of the whole circle were upon the two of them. The snake continued to circle. â€Å"You know, of course, that they have called this boy my downfall?† Voldemort said softly, his red eyes upon Harry, whose scar began to burn so fiercely that he almost screamed in agony. â€Å"You all know that on the night I lost my powers and my body, I tried to kill him. His mother died in the attempt to save him – and unwittingly provided him with a protection I admit I had not foreseen†¦.I could not touch the boy.† Voldemort raised one of his long white fingers and put it very close to Harry’s cheek. â€Å"His mother left upon him the traces other sacrifice†¦.This is old magic, I should have remembered it, I was foolish to overlook it†¦but no matter. I can touch him now.† Harry felt the cold tip of the long white finger touch him, and thought his head would burst with the pain. Voldemort laughed softly in his ear, then took the finger away and continued addressing the Death Eaters. â€Å"I miscalculated, my friends, I admit it. My curse was deflected by the woman’s foolish sacrifice, and it rebounded upon myself. Aaah†¦pain beyond pain, my friends; nothing could have prepared me for it. I was ripped from my body, I was less than spirit, less than the meanest ghost†¦but still, I was alive. What I was, even I do not know†¦I, who have gone further than anybody along the path that leads to immortality. You know my goal – to conquer death. And now, I was tested, and it appeared that one or more of my experiments had worked†¦for I had not been killed, though the curse should have done it. Nevertheless, I was as powerless as the weakest creature alive, and without the means to help myself†¦for I had no body, and every spell that might have helped me required the use of a wand†¦. â€Å"I remember only forcing myself, sleeplessly, endlessly, second by second, to exist†¦.I settled in a faraway place, in a forest, and I waited†¦.Surely, one of my faithful Death Eaters would try and find me†¦one of them would come and perform the magic I could not, to restore me to a body†¦, but I waited in vain†¦.† The shiver ran once more around the circle of listening Death Eaters. Voldemort let the silence spiral horribly before continuing. â€Å"Only one power remained to me. I could possess the bodies of others. But I dared not go where other humans were plentiful, for I knew that the Aurors were still abroad and searching for me. I sometimes inhabited animals – snakes, of course, being my preference – but I was little better off inside them than as pure spirit, for their bodies were ill adapted to perform magic†¦and my possession of them shortened their lives; none of them lasted long†¦. â€Å"Then†¦four years ago†¦the means for my return seemed assured. A wizard – young, foolish, and gullible – wandered across my path in the forest I had made my home. Oh, he seemed the very chance I had been dreaming of†¦for he was a teacher at Dumbledore’s school†¦he was easy to bend to my will†¦he brought me back to this country, and after a while, I took possession of his body, to supervise him closely as he carried out my orders. But my plan failed. I did not manage to steal the Sorcerer’s Stone. I was not to be assured immortal life. I was thwarted†¦thwarted, once again, by Harry Potter†¦.† Silence once more; nothing was stirring, not even the leaves on the yew tree. The Death Eaters were quite motionless, the glittering eyes in their masks fixed upon Voldemort, and upon Harry. â€Å"The servant died when I left his body, and I was left as weak as ever I had been,† Voldemort continued. â€Å"I returned to my hiding place far away, and I will not pretend to you that I didn’t then fear that I might never regain my powers†¦.Yes, that was perhaps my darkest hour†¦I could not hope that I would be sent another wizard to possess†¦and I had given up hope, now, that any of my Death Eaters cared what had become of me†¦.† One or two of the masked wizards in the circle moved uncomfortably, but Voldemort took no notice. â€Å"And then, not even a year ago, when I had almost abandoned hope, it happened at last†¦a servant returned to me. Wormtail here, who had faked his own death to escape justice, was driven out of hiding by those he had once counted friends, and decided to return to his master. He sought me in the country where it had long been rumored I was hiding†¦helped, of course, by the rats he met along the way. Wormtail has a curious affinity with rats, do you not, Wormtail? His filthy little friends told him there was a place, deep in an Albanian forest, that they avoided, where small animals like themselves had met their deaths by a dark shadow that possessed them†¦. â€Å"But his journey back to me was not smooth, was it, Wormtail? For, hungry one night, on the edge of the very forest where he had hoped to find me, he foolishly stopped at an inn for some food†¦and who should he meet there, but one Bertha Jorkins, a witch from the Ministry of Magic. â€Å"Now see the way that fate favors Lord Voldemort. This might have been the end of Wormtail, and of my last hope for regeneration. But Wormtail – displaying a presence of mind I would never have expected from him – convinced Bertha Jorkins to accompany him on a nighttime stroll. He overpowered her†¦he brought her to me. And Bertha Jorkins, who might have ruined all, proved instead to be a gift beyond my wildest dreams†¦for – with a little persuasion – she became a veritable mine of information. â€Å"She told me that the Triwizard Tournament would be played at Hogwarts this year. She told me that she knew of a faithful Death Eater who would be only too willing to help me, if I could only contact him. She told me many things†¦but the means I used to break the Memory Charm upon her were powerful, and when I had extracted all useful information from her, her mind and body were both damaged beyond repair. She had now served her purpose. I could not possess her. I disposed of her.† Voldemort smiled his terrible smile, his red eyes blank and pitiless. â€Å"Wormtail’s body, of course, was ill adapted for possession, as all assumed him dead, and would attract far too much attention if noticed. However, he was the able-bodied servant I needed, and, poor wizard though he is, Wormtail was able to follow the instructions I gave him, which would return me to a rudimentary, weak body of my own, a body I would be able to inhabit while awaiting the essential ingredients for true rebirth†¦a spell or two of my own invention†¦a little help from my dear Nagini,† Voldemort’s red eyes fell upon the continually circling snake, â€Å"a potion concocted from unicorn blood, and the snake venom Nagini provided†¦I was soon returned to an almost human form, and strong enough to travel. â€Å"There was no hope of stealing the Sorcerer’s Stone anymore, for I knew that Dumbledore would have seen to it that it was destroyed. But I was willing to embrace mortal life again, before chasing immortality. I set my sights lower†¦I would settle for my old body back again, and my old strength. â€Å"I knew that to achieve this – it is an old piece of Dark Magic, the potion that revived me tonight – I would need three powerful ingredients. Well, one of them was already at hand, was it not, Wormtail? Flesh given by a servant†¦. â€Å"My father’s bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried. But the blood of a foe†¦Wormtail would have had me use any wizard, would you not, Wormtail? Any wizard who had hated me†¦as so many of them still do. But I knew the one I must use, if I was to rise again, more powerful than I had been when I had fallen. I wanted Harry Potters blood. I wanted the blood of the one who had stripped me of power thirteen years ago†¦for the lingering protection his mother once gave him would then reside in my veins too†¦. â€Å"But how to get at Harry Potter? For he has been better protected than I think even he knows, protected in ways devised by Dumbledore long ago, when it fell to him to arrange the boy’s future. Dumbledore invoked an ancient magic, to ensure the boy’s protection as long as he is in his relations’ care. Not even I can touch him there†¦.Then, of course, there was the Quidditch World Cup†¦.I thought his protection might be weaker there, away from his relations and Dumbledore, but I was not yet strong enough to attempt kidnap in the midst of a horde of Ministry wizards. And then, the boy would return to Hogwarts, where he is under the crooked nose of that Muggle-loving fool from morning until night. So how could I take him? â€Å"Why†¦by using Bertha Jorkins’s information, of course. Use my one faithful Death Eater, stationed at Hogwarts, to ensure that the boy’s name was entered into the Goblet of Fire. Use my Death Eater to ensure that the boy won the tournament – that he touched the Triwizard Cup first – the cup which my Death Eater had turned into a Portkey, which would bring him here, beyond the reach of Dumbledore’s help and protection, and into my waiting arms. And here he is†¦the boy you all believed had been my downfall†¦.† Voldemort moved slowly forward and turned to face Harry. He raised his wand. â€Å"Crucio!† It was pain beyond anything Harry had ever experienced; his very bones were on fire; his head was surely splitting along his scar; his eyes were rolling madly in his head; he wanted it to end†¦to black out†¦to die†¦ And then it was gone. He was hanging limply in the ropes binding him to the headstone of Voldemort’s father, looking up into those bright red eyes through a kind of mist. The night was ringing with the sound of the Death Eaters’ laughter. â€Å"You see, I think, how foolish it was to suppose that this boy could ever have been stronger than me,† said Voldemort. â€Å"But I want there to be no mistake in anybody’s mind. Harry Potter escaped me by a lucky chance. And I am now going to prove my power by killing him, here and now, in front of you all, when there is no Dumbledore to help him, and no mother to die for him. I will give him his chance. He will be allowed to fight, and you will be left in no doubt which of us is the stronger. Just a little longer, Nagini,† he whispered, and the snake glided away through the grass to where the Death Eaters stood watching. â€Å"Now untie him, Wormtail, and give him back his wand.† How to cite Chapter 33 The Death Eaters, Essay examples